USHAO
JOURNAL OF INFORMAL RELIGIOUS
MEETINGS
Volume V No. 8 Mah Aban,
Fasal Sal 1373: October-November-2004
Self-Realization
Yậ Shyaothnậ yậ Vachańhâ Through deeds I do, also through words I speak,
yâ Yasnâ Amertatâtem, Through meditation deep within myself,
Ashem –châ Taibyô dâońhâ, I bring mankind Eternal Life and Truth,
Mazdâ! Kshathrem –châ Haurvatâtô; Strength through Perfection, Mazdâ, do I bring;
Aéshām tôi, Ahurâ! United may we be in Them and Thee,
êhma
pourutemâis dastê. Ahurâ, ardent in our
sacrifice.
[Ahunavaiti 7.1; Yasna 34.1:
Translation of Irach J. S.
Taraporewala]
In this
Issue:
02: THE IDEAL OF ARYAN WOMANHOOD: By Irach J. S. Taraporewala B.A.;
Ph.D
06: PEACE AND JUSTICE:
By Cyrus P.
Mehta
08: PARSIS OF KURRACHEE
[Chapter 9: Charity Galore]
[Chapter 10: First
Mobeds and their Âlats]
By Dorab J.
Patel
11: PUTTING FAITH TO WORK AT
WORK By Tom
Schaefer
12: KĒM NĀ MAZDĀ [Prayer when in
trouble]
NO NEED FOR A
MEDIATOR
I
T is wrong to think that one can get salvation through the company of a Guru (mediator) who will plead for his devotees to get into heaven. In the court of God no influence works. Unless the heart is cultivated to work on righteous lines one cannot get salvation. Everyone has to work for his or her own salvation.
[“RAHNUMA-E-DIN” --DASTUR KHURSHED
S. DABU]
THE IDEAL OF
ARYAN WOMANHOOD
Irach J, S. Taraporewala
B.A., Ph. D
I
N modern days we hear a
good deal about the “equality of man and woman” and about her possessing the
same rights as her brothers. We take it for granted that never before in
the history of the world had woman attained such a high position, but that she
had always been the obedient slave of man. We have been brought up
in the belief that, in the East especially woman was always regarded as the
inferior of man, almost, as his chattel or his plaything. Wrong notions
about the status of woman in Hinduism and in Islam have been responsible for
this idea prevalent in the West about the history of our Eastern woman, of
course later writers among Hindus and Moslems themselves are responsible for
this degraded view. And hundreds of Indians, who might be expected to know
better, have been repeating these same false ideas. We, Zoroastrians also,
repeat this not merely with regard to the Hindus and Moslems, but many among us
are willing to believe that even amongst us woman had always occupied the lower
status until the revivifying breath of the West led us to “emancipate” our
sisters. Parsi women are now looked up with envy by their less fortunate
sisters of other communities.
It is undoubtedly true that the condition of women
both in India and in Iran had been very debased and degraded during many
centuries preceding the modern age. This was due to the terrible political
upheavals and foreign invasions from which both these lands have suffered during
their history. This, however, could by no means justify the conclusion
that our ancient ideal of womanhood was equally low. We do find even
in history the very high position of woman recorded, as for instance amongst the
Rajputs in the glorious Annals of Mewar. There, woman was looked upon
almost as a goddess. Rajput chivalry was just as ennobling and sanctified
woman as reverently as at any court in the West. Islamic chivalry was no
whit less ennobling. The Moghals and Afghans, as also the Marathas and the
Sikhs were inspired with the ideals of chivalry. During the four or five
centuries preceding the modern age the degradation of life’s ideals becomes more
and more marked in both the lands. In India the downfall begins
practically from the luxurious and enervating days of Jehangir and Shah
Jehan.
We usually compare these ages of degradation with
our present days, which is most unjust. The result of such comparison is
of course predetermined, and what is worse it leaves behind our minds the
insidious impression that things had never been better at any time. A far
better way to institute comparison is to have these with other contemporary
countries, and then we see that neither India nor Iran has any reason to be
ashamed of the particular culture of any age.
As we travel backwards in history into the days of
Aryan domination in India we find that life and life’s ideals were than very
different from what many of us have been taught to have existed. The same
holds true of Iran. In fact both these peoples had received their
ideals from a common source –the Aryan. If we are to appraise the culture
of both these lands at their true worth we must always remember these ancient
Aryan ideals. For not even once in the centuries of darkness and
degradation that preceded the modern age were these ideal wholly
forgotten. They have always existed and have influenced, however, dimly,
the lives of the people. Our strongest hope for the future lies in a
revival or rather in a reinterpretation suitable to modern conditions of these
ideals. We must never forget that these Aryan ideals were born of long
experience and have stood the test of time during fifty
centuries.
Of all these ideals that have made the Aryans so
truly noble is their grand conception of woman. Here they remained true to
God’s own Plan, for they stressed the prime (God-ordained) function of
woman—MOTHERHOOD. The woman was the MOTHER and everything relating to her
turned upon that central vital fact. This it was that determined her
position at every stage and in every walk of life. She was created by God
to be a Mother and hence she was sacred. She was the Creatrix and
as such her work came nearest that of God Himself. She it was who carried
forward the race and kept alive the race-ideals age after age and hence she was
to be loved, honored and cherished. The cult of the mother was the center,
and pivot around which the whole family life, indeed the whole social
organization, revolved. There is a beautiful little tale told about the
wise Ganesha. Once Shiva wanted to know which of his two sons, Kartikeya
and Ganesha, could go the quickest round the world. The elder Kartikeya,
as soon as he heard this, started off in great hurry to go round the
globe. Some time after his brother had left, Ganesha quietly got up and
slowly went round his mother, Parvati, saying, “The Mother is the whole world
to her son.”
Amongst Iranians, too the mother was deeply
venerated. In the Zoroastrian Angel Hierarchy we have a fair number of
feminine Spirits. Nay, even among the six highest the “Holy
Immortals” - Who stand next to the Throne of the Almighty Himself, we have
three of the feminine gender. Of these Spenta-Armaiti is the Mother of all
humanity. A Zoroastrian, when initiated into his faith, invokes her
protection and after death he gives up his body to her tender
care.
Every girl is a potential mother, she is to be
looked upon as “somebody’s mother,” and as such she is sacred and she is to be
surrounded with loving care. A verse in Manu’s Code has always been quoted
to prove that the Aryans held women in low esteem. The usual rendering is
this: “The father takes care of her during her childhood, the husband during her
youth, and the son during her old age: a woman does not deserve independence.”
Even Hindus themselves, especially in the later ages of degradation, have given
the same rendering and have perverted Manu into upholding the subjugation of
women. The final clause: né stree savatrayamhit –has
not, I feel been rightly translated; I would render it: “a woman ought not to be
thrown upon her own resources.” We see the dire results of woman left to
the tender mercies of man’s world. We see where the competitive
“independence” has led woman in the West. She misses the very purpose of her own
creation. In the West she has been granted a position of perfect equality
with man and in modern days this equality shows itself even in her outward
appearance and her dress. She has become a serious competitor of man, with
all that this competition implies. It was to prevent this that Manu laid
down his wise rule of never “throwing her upon her own resources” to sift for
herself. We, Aryans, had the far higher ideal of her as Mother. She
was not the equal, but the superior of man. She was the nourisher of his
body, the gentle guide of his mind in his childhood, and the inspirer of his
soul when mature. She was the guardian of our Aryan ideals, and under her
fostering care the Arya-Dharma was kept bright and untarnished, a living
flame to inspire the race. Therefore it has been said that, “wherever
women are honored and are cherished there the very Heavens rejoice.”
We know both from tradition as well as from recorded history how faithfully
Aryan woman has guarded this sacred trust and how nobly has man responded to her
call both in India and in Iran.
The woman as comrade and friend was
not unknown to us Aryans, but she never was the competitor. The
sweetest relations of mature age are between husband and wife. The Aryan
woman was not the salve of her lord and master but she was his equal in
every way. The ideal for a wife was the “half” (ardhaginee) of the
husband. Another name for her as wife in Sanskrit is bama,
literally, “the left (half)” for our Aryans were well aware of the fact that the
human heart is on the left side. No man was regarded as complete in the
world who lacked this “left half” of his being. To fulfill his life’s task
he must take unto himself his helpmate. Hence both in India and in Iran
the life of a householder had been looked upon as the highest fulfillment of
human effort. Indeed certain important ceremonies were forbidden to the
unmarried. In the Vendidad Ahura Mazda is represented as saying that He
values a married man higher than an unmarried one.
The ideal purpose of marriage is not
sex-indulgence, but the fulfillment of the Divine purpose of continuation of the
race. Sex cannot enter where the man looks upon his wife as the Mother of
his children. In becoming father and mother the highest duty human beings
owe to their Creator is fulfilled, and this correct attitude towards this duty
did not give any occasion for the use of artificial birth control. In the
Vendidad again Ahura Mazda says that He prefers a home with children to one
where children are wanting,
It has often been urged that the Aryans preferred
getting sons to getting daughters. Here, too, later political and economic
disabilities attaching to girl children seem to have clouded the issue.
Where the name of the family was carried forward by sons it is but natural that
sons are desired. Among Aryans a son was desired indeed, but the birth of
daughters was by no means regarded as a calamity. Indeed it is laid
down at one place in Sanskrit work that a mother becomes truly sanctified only
after she has given birth to a daughter.
However, tender and true the ideal of woman, as
comrade and wife may have been the one supreme ideal of Aryan womanhood was
MOTHER. Every other function of woman, every other duty she has to perform
in this world, pales into insignificance before this supreme fulfillment.
The very word “Mother” shuts out all sex-concept in thinking of woman.
Hence in every language of India men are taught to look upon every woman as
mother (har stree mat baraber). The sacredness surrounding all
mothers has kept our ideal of womanhood pure even through the darkest and
deepest degradation.
I have already admitted freely at the very
beginning that during the centuries of turmoil, which preceded the modern age
both in India and in Iran the status of woman had touched a very low level
indeed. But it was not very much better in contemporary West either.
The present age has certainly raised woman to a higher level all the world
over. The West seems to think that this is the pinnacle, the highest level
attainable. Their comradeship and political and economic equality has been
the goal, and they have almost attained it. Yet even there we have great
seers who saw clearly beyond this level. The incomparable Goethe, perhaps
the greatest writer Europe has produced, at the very end of his great work
Foust has the very significant lines pregnant with deep
meaning:
“The ever-womanly
“Draws us
above.”
But when woman is not thought of as mother
primarily, the great danger is the unconscious stressing of sex. Though we
rightly rejoice over the improved status of woman we must not shut our eyes to
this sex-complex. Especially we Parsis, who have been of late aping the
West more or less blindly, are in real danger from this. We have not had the
steadying traditions of the West and we have all but lost sight of our true
Aryan ideals. We are beginning to see the tangle, which has arisen in our
small community as more or less the direct result of the “freedom” and
“emancipation” of women.
I am certainly not one of the old-fashioned, orthodox people who want to go back to “the good old days” when woman obeyed without question her lord and master. I maintain that we have progressed and that today our women are in a higher position than they were, say a century ago. And what is more, I maintain that our progress has been in the right direction. All I wish to emphasize here that there are dangers, very grave dangers, ahead arising from sex-complex we have released as a result of this very progress. Let us not shut our eyes to this. To my mind there is one remedy for this, and one only, and that is reaffirming with all our strength the ancient Aryan ideal of regarding woman as Mother. That is her God-appointed destiny, yet today how many hundreds of our women have been prevented by social, economic and other reasons from fulfilling this. Let us emphasize this motherhood of woman in all our teaching both to boys and girls. Let us give saner sex teaching to our children and emphasize the glories of wise marriage and of the fulfillment of God’s purpose without the help of artificial birth control. In short let our young ones be prepared to enter upon the duties of their mature lives with purer and saner ideals than most of the present generation have had.
We have absorbed a great deal of the spirit of
“revolt” of the modern age (another step, I maintain, in the right direction),
we have learnt a great deal of modern science and its achievements, and we are
the rightful heirs of the oldest and the grandest ideals on earth. It is
not a mere “accident of history” that the oldest culture surviving in our world
that of India, has been brought into such close contact with the most advanced
of the nations, today the British. We are also rejoicing to witness the
renaissance of the other great Aryan people, our brothers of Iran. We
Parsis have thus a double cause for hope and a twofold reason for doing our
utmost to revivify the great Aryan ideal. Our very smallness of numbers is
in our favor, for if once we begin on right lines our progress will be all the
faster, and the sooner shall we realize these ideals. We pride ourselves
on having been pioneers of Western mode and Western learning in this glorious
land.
God grant that in the near future we may be pioneers again in the reawakening of our Aryan ideals, when every woman would be looked upon and loved as MOTHER. ■
[Source: Silver Jubilee
Memorial Volume: Y.M.Z.A. Karachi 1935]
TO MY MOTHER
“Most of all other beautiful things in life come by twos and threes by dozens
and hundreds; plenty of roses, stars, sunsets, rainbows, brothers and sisters,
aunts and cousins, but only
one mother in all the wide world.”
[KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN]
PEACE AND JUSTICE
By Cyrus P. Mehta
“That God who ever lives and loves.
One God, one love, one element.
And one far-off divine event
To which the whole creation
moves.”
[A verse from “IN
MEMORIUM” by Alfred Tennyson]
P
ROPHETS have taken birth at
different times in different lands to give mankind a spiritual push. Prophet Zarathushtra appeared at the
dawn of civilization in the ancient land of Iran. At the outset of his
mission he prayed to God whom he called Ahura Mazda, the Lord of Life and
Wisdom:
Ashâ vispéñg shyaothnâ Grant that I may perform all actions with Righteousness,
vańghėus khratûm manańgho Thy Divine Law and acquire the Wisdom of Good
yâ khshnevishâ Géush -châ
urvânem. Mind. Thus may I bring solace to the Soul of the
Universe.
[Ahunvaiti 1.1 Ys.
28.1]
Since Zarathushtra, other Prophets
and Great Spiritual Masters have followed in order to awaken mankind from its
deep slumber. In spite of their valuable teachings, the Soul of the Mother
Earth is in great torment and mankind is still far from its goal of One God, One
Humanity, One Brotherhood, living a blissful existence where Peace and Justice
prevail.
But we cannot have peace and justice without
knowing what are the factors that cause discord in the world. Briefly
stated they are:
But if we reflect a little we will see that all
these outward manifestations arise out of man’s internal mental unrest caused
by greed, attachment to materialism and other vices as pride, anger, jealousy,
etc. These vices generate restlessness in an individual as well as
societies. Hence the importance of Prophet Zarathushtra’s call,
“Purify Thyself”. This then is the first minimum condition for World Peace and
Justice and in this purification process Zarathushtra has
emphasized Asha or Righteousness and Vohu Mano,
the Good and Loving Mind repeatedly in his teachings.
The world has not evolved a political or
economic system that will ensure automatic fair distribution of wealth for all
the people of the world. Much of the world’s poverty, hunger and
malnutrition arise out of man’s greed to possess more than he needs. So
if mankind wants peace and justice, it will have to curtail its
greed.
There are those who believe that possession of
absolute power would remove all the ills of the world. But history has
shown this to be an illusion. Political, social and economic measures
contrived by democratic means or forced upon people by themselves will not
bring happiness to man or achieve world peace and
justice.
The task of organized religions is to create a
New Humanity that can practice “Unity among Diversity”. We must
appreciate that diversity is merely of outward forms. A drop in an
ocean is not separate from the ocean. It is a bubble over the drop that
gives it an appearance of separateness but when the bubble bursts, the drop is
not, and the indivisible ocean is. But man in his ignorance does not
realize this.
The New Humanity will come into existence
through a release of Divine Love; and when that happens Humanity will attain a
new mode of living. Hence religion is sometimes defined as ‘That
which binds man to man and man to God’.
Mankind will then learn the art of co-operative
and harmonious life and enjoy peace, justice and happiness in full
measure. May that day (mentioned as ‘one far-off divine event’ by
Tennyson) come about by the supreme efforts of all the world organizations and
individuals concerned about human welfare. Amen!
■
“We don’t appreciate what we have got until we lose it,
but we also don’t
appreciate what we have been missing until it
arrives.”
[Author
unknown]
CHAPTER 9
CHARITY GALORE
PARSIS have well earned the acclamation ‘Parsi Thy
Name is Charity’. As soon as the Parsi community began to prosper in
Surat, from the time of Moghul rule, they won a high reputation as charitable
donors. They built bridges, dug wells, erected dharamsallas (travelers’
homes) etc., all for general public, and not just for their own community.
Fortunately Parsis did not have superstitious obligations like the rich Hindus
around them. They did not have to spend donations on temples and to feed
hundreds of pilgrims. When a rich Hindu died his widow had to spend
thousands of rupees on his funeral ceremonies. And if the widow felt
charitable she would be asked to spend thousands of rupees to feed vagabond
Brahmins.
Contrary to that, to a Parsi it is a social
obligation to do charity for public welfare. Some of the very rich
instituted trusts for pursuing long-term public welfare purposes, like
hospitals, schools etc. Way back in 1849, Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy
demanded a special legislation for charitable donations in order to encourage
more donations. Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy, Dinshaw Petit and Cowasji Jehangir
were raised to the hereditary rank of nobility because of their cosmopolitan
charities. Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy, the most famous Parsi philanthropists,
besides his prolific Parsi charities, has donated vast sums for non-Parsi
charities. When the great fire of Surat destroyed 20000 houses, hundreds
of shops and bazaars, Jamshedji chartered a ship and filled it’s holds with bags
of rice, dal, bales of cloth and cases full of one rupee coins and sent
it to Surat. He saw to it that every thing was distributed equally to
Parsis and non-Parsis alike. He donated large sums for the starving Irish
during the potato famine in 1846 and to victims of floods in France. He is
believed to have donated Pound sterling 234272 of which only Pound sterling
113380 were for Parsi charities. Big donations were not the only form of
Parsi charities. Innumerable number of charitable works, some unique in
nature were also seen e.g., during a Small Pox epidemic in 1851, C.N. Cama
offered a prize for the best essay on the use and advantages of vaccinations,
and then had the prize-winning essay printed and distributed in the entire
Bombay Presidency at his own cost.
Parsis of Karachi did not lag behind in any way
and numerous examples of cosmopolitan charities by Parsis are there. Some
of them are being mentioned in this paper.
There have always been examples of Parsi zest of
philanthropy verging on eccentricity. One such was a Karachiite, Hormusji
Sohrabji Kothari. Hormusji had come to Karachi from Surat in 1846 and did
very well as a contractor for the army. During the Cholera epidemic he
supplied sherry and champagne free to the patients. The incentive was
sufficient for some to fake the sickness. During the severe winter of
1867, Hormusji distributed thousands of large pieces of Broadcloth free to the
poor, so that they could protect themselves from the cold. He took great
interest in community affairs. He took the lead in making of the Anjuman
Dokhma, had a wall and a gate erected around the Dar-e-meher for it’s
security. It was he who had some toddy palms planted and introduced toddy
in Karachi. He passed away in 1876.
The Karachi harbor got its first real recognition in 1867 when s.s. ‘Veterna’ started its maiden-
voyage from here. It
was the property of British India Steam Navigation (BISN) and was built in
Glasgow. As the Suez Canal had not opened yet it had come to Karachi round
the Cape of Good Hope. Its route was Basra-Karachi-Bombay-Calcutta, with
small stops. It was a huge ship with a capacity of 1400 passengers.
It was powered by a 2500 HP steam engine and had eight propellers. The
most unique thing about this ship was that it was equipped with 2000 electric
lamps (arc lamps) and the electricity was generated by dynamo (magneto) recently
invented by Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Because of these electric lamps
the ship was nicknamed BIJLEE. The previous three years had been
very bad for Sindh, Kutch, Kathiyawar, because of plague, cholera and
famine. As a result travel between Karachi and these places had
stopped. So when this s.s..Bijlee came she was in great
demand. Among the passengers were 400 students going to Bombay to give
their matriculation exams. There were also 28 intending bridegrooms with
full ‘BARATS’. When the ship made its stop at Porbunder there was a storm
at sea. The BISN agent there advised the captain not to proceed till the
storm was raging. But the captain decided to go on. The ship left
Porbunder but did not reach its next stop Mangrol. It was lost at sea with
1478 souls on board.
Main world events of the year 1867 were the
purchase of Alaska by USA from the Czarist Russia for $7 million. Karl Marx
wrote “Das Kapital”, Johan Strauss composed one of the most beautiful music
pieces ‘On the Blue Danube’, and Alfred Noble invented dynamite. ■
(continued)
CHAPTER 10
FIRST MOBEDS AND
THEIR ÂLATS
NAOROJI Nusserwanji Pochaji, left his job as
manager of J. Nusserwanji & Co (Jassawala ) in 1867 and started his own
auctioneering business. He was successful and as he prospered he
indulged in philanthropy. Besides a fountain and water trough for animals
at Empress Market and various other donations, in his will he left Rs.150000/-
for Parsi education. This amount was given to the Mama Parsi Girls School
when it was founded.
Modern Freemasonry first arose in the early
decades of the 18th Century. The first Grand Lodge was founded
in London in 1716. With its clubs for discussion and social enjoyment
(women excluded), it met a need and became a well-known feature of English
life. The movement quickly spread abroad to places, which had direct trade
links with England. On 28th November 1868 Lodge Harmony was
established in Karachi. The Parsis who joined this lodge on the very first
day were: - Ardesher Gustadji Kohiyar, Jamshedji Ardesher Maneckshah, Dadabhai
Hirjibhai Patel, Khurshedji Darashaw Majaina, Naoroji Nusserwanji Pochaji,
Dadabhai Edulji Sukhia, Dinshaw Pestonji Nazar, Faredoonji Nusserwanji
Mazgamwalla and Meherwanji Ardesher Mukadam.
In 1868 at the today’s site of the KMC head office
stood the Karachi jail that was completed after many years of
construction.
The school going community had out grown it’s
building, so in 1869 it was decided to start a building fund for the
Balakshala.
Municipal policy of sale of land was showing
success. Rich traders bought lands in area between the old town and Saddar
and built residential buildings to give on rent. This way Rattan Tallao,
Rambag, Gari Khatta, Ranchorlines, Ramswami and Nanakwada came up
Besides the main suburb Saddar, there was
substantial number of Parsi residents in and around Gari Khatta (now Pakistan
Chowk). They found going to Saddar Agyari very inconvenient and decided to have
one of their own. So in 1853 they started a fund for this purpose.
Sohrabji Dhanjibhai Wadia, offered a part of his school which he had built for
this purpose. With Rs.3475/- collected by the residents of that area, plus
Rs.5433/- donated by other Parsis of Karachi and some donations from Bombay a
total of Rs.15720/- was collected. Sohrabji’s offer was gratefully
accepted. After necessary renovations and alterations, the Dar-e-Meher was
consecrated on 28th May 1869. It was named Dosabhai Wadia
Dar-e-Meher. Bejonji Khurshedji Golwalla got the necessary utensils
–âlats purchased specially from China.
The requisites of Parsi religious services are
called âlat. They are the metallic requisites and Gomez or bull’s
urine. Among the ancient Iranians; water, urine and sand or a particular
kind of earth or clay were considered to be the means of purification. (One of
the ingredients of urine is ammonia, which has cleansing properties. The
pungent smell in metal polishes, and glass cleaning mixtures is that of
ammonia. It is a good degreasing agent). When the bull’s urine is
consecrated by religious ceremonies, in religious parlance it is spoken as
Nirang or Nirang-din i.e. the nirang prepared by religious
ceremonies. It is so called, because a nirang, a religious
incantation, is recited on its application. The Parsis of Karachi too
needed the necessary âlats and mobeds.
There is nothing definitely known about the first
mobeds but it is safe to state that Hormusji Ghadyali had invited two mobeds
from Bharuch to perform the necessary ceremonies. These mobeds came by
road to Hyderabad with the âlat. As there was no bridge over Indus
river at that time they crossed it by boat, but the nirang was put in a
pitcher –matlu, and one Parsi of Hyderabad, Maneckji swam across with
it This method had been used in other cases too all over
India. The mobeds continued their journey by road. The two
mobeds were Ervad Maneckji Ookaji Kamdina and his son Dinshah. They were
appointed puntahkeys of Hirjikaka Dar-e-Meher. Though Hormusji
arranged for the two mobeds, at the time of the consecration of the Ghadyali
dokhma, Dastur Faridunji Jamaspasana presided.
After some time there was need for more
mobeds. So one Adarji Shurbatwalla went to Navsari and brought back two
mobeds. Since mobeds of Bharuch will not co-officiate at ceremonies with
the Navasrai mobeds, the Navsari mobeds brought their own âlats and
performed ceremonies separately. Professional antagonism amongst mobeds
had been a common feature all through out Parsi history.
At the time of establishment of the Gari Khata Agyari three mobeds were sent for, from Udvada. They came by road with their âlats, which took them more than two months. They were Ervad Muncherji Khurshedji Gorana, Ervad Navroji Muncherji Gorana and Ervad Bhikhaji Palonji Sidhwa. They brought along with them an athornan Shapurji Navroji Katila as their cook. With the increase in number of mobeds, many disputes and disagreements arose amongst them and partnerships and associations were changed very often. ■
[To be continued]
PUTTING FAITH TO
WORK AT WORK
By Tom
Schaefer
C
AN faith be expressed in a
way that doesn’t intrude on the business at hand and on the people whose primary
job is to work? What may surprise you is that the spiritual needs of
employees are becoming the focus of more and more employers. Giant
corporations such as Ford Motor Co. and Northrop Grumman Corp, and smaller
businesses too -- are providing opportunities for faith-based activities on the
job, according to an article in the September edition of St. Anthony Messenger
magazine.
Luncheon presentations on different religions and
an annual “day of prayer” help promote understanding among different religious
groups and offer a spiritual respite at Ford, said a leader of the company’s
Inter-Faith Network. At Grumman, a defense contractor in California,
classes in the Quran are available for interested employees. Other
businesses have Torah classes, prayer groups, full-time chaplains (more than 250
companies in 37 states have them on staff) and Bible study lunches that are
usually started because of employee interest.
Even those businesses that aren’t providing
spiritual opportunities are increasingly aware of the need to strengthen their
ethical standards, especially in the wake of corporate scandals. Religion
and ethics, it seems are bottom-line related issues. Yet, faith in the
workplace is more than a matter of abiding by a company’s mission statement or
agreeing to the policies in its ethic handbook. For those whose beliefs
are central to their lives, faith isn’t like a hat that you’d check at your
workplace entrance, any more than you would at your home’s front door. But
how you “wear” it on the job can make all the difference in how it’s perceived
and received. Some faith-on-the-job axioms are:
■ Faith is not proselytizing a vulnerable co-worker or touting the “superiority” of your faith.
■ Faith is not taking on a holier-than-thou attitude or fashioning a self-serving humility. Feigned modesty is as obnoxious as artful conceit.
■ Faith is not argumentative or confrontational. Save your theological discussions for private conversations in appropriate settings. You don’t have to prove your spiritual worth to God or your co-worker. Instead:
■ Take time, to quietly pray for a co-worker’s sick child, troubled marriage, or personal loss. If you believe in the power of prayer, petitions to God should be your first response.
■ Listen to and be supportive of those who are obviously stressed. The workplace can test your emotional and mental strength. Sometimes active listening provides a spiritual oasis for the weary.
■ Speak up against injustice and insults: Unkind and prejudicial comments poison the atmosphere of those who work together. Ignoring the problem allows the disease to spread.
■ Be ready to respond to
any one who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have, but with
gentleness and respect. A time may come when someone who trusts you
wants to know what make you tick. Sharing your faith can be an open door
to a person who is searching.
To be clear, faith shouldn’t be checked at the
door, especially in the place where you spend most of your waking hours.
Instead, it should be seen in caring acts and kind words that don’t distort its
inviting and engaging image. ■ [Source: Faith & Values – The Wichita
Eagle]
KĒM NĀ MAZDĀ
[Praying when in trouble]
“Who will O Wise One, give me protection, when the wrongful threatens to offend
me, other than Your Fire and Mind? It is through the working of these two that,
O God, righteousness thrives. Do enlighten my inner-self with this doctrine.
[USHTAVAITI 4.7]
When a person is faced with any adversity, he or
she, often in desperation turns to God or a favorite divinity for help.
This is quite natural. But a desperate move makes one lose one’s balance
of mind and allow the adversity to have its own way. Asho Zarathushtra gives a
manthra, a thought-provoking advice:
Turn to God but remember that God has already granted us two acquisitions – Divine Fire, which gives light, warmth, and strength to our spirit, and Good Mind, which makes us think clearly. One lights the way and the other leads to safety. The two make us feel cool, calm, conscious, considerate, and confident. The manthra gives us a further lasting touch to his advice. One should not turn to Fire and Faculty only at difficult times. Let us understand enlightenment that helps us in performing good acts that serve God and the creation. Kēm nā Mazdā teaches us to believe in God, have faith, keep cool stay warm, think bright, feel light and steer clear. GOD helps those who help themselves.
[Courtesy: THE
ZARATHUSHTRIAN ASSEMBLY]
Published for Informal Religious Meetings Trust Find, Karachi
By
Virasp Mehta
4235 Saint James Place, Wichita, KS 67226 U.S.A.
E-mail: viraspm@yahoo.com